T.12 Number of tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions reduced through improved or clean cooking solutions

T.12 Number of tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions reduced through improved or clean cooking solutions

VERSION

V1.0 - 2026.03 — NEW

INDICATOR CODE

T.12

TECHNICAL OWNER

PRG-R

INDICATOR TYPE

Country Level Output Indicator

INDICATOR CLASSIFICATION

Complementary

INDICATOR SCOPE

Programme specific

APPLICABILITY

This indicator applies to WFP activities when WFP or its partners have facilitated beneficiaries’ access to cooking devices by: (i), directly paying for the full or partial cost of the cookstove; or (ii) indirectly paying for the full or partial cost of the cookstove through cash-based transfers to beneficiaries; iii) helping to reduce the costs of the cookstove to beneficiaries (for example by facilitating market linkages).

The selection of this indicator is recommended against the following sub-activities in CSP logframes. Selection of the below sub-activities will NOT trigger the mandatory selection of this indicator:

1. Other climate adaptation and risk management activities (CAR)

UNIT OF MEASUREMENT & ANALYSIS

Tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO₂e)

DEFINITION

This indicator aims to capture the GHG emissions (or number of Tonnes of CO₂ equivalent emissions) reduced through the provision of efficient cooking devices by WFP.

While cooking solutions are the combination of the appliance, fuel, and practices used to cook, this indicator estimates Tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions reduced based on the introduction of appliances. Thus, as noted in the section calculation fuel and practices are assumed standard for each type of device to facilitate the calculation of this indicator. Each type of device needs to be associated with the fuel that is most commonly used in the targeted area.

Below are some key definitions related to the indicator:

tCO₂e: "t" stands for metric tonnes, which are equal to 1,000 kilograms (2,204.6 lbs), and "CO2e” stands for Carbon Dioxide Equivalent.

GHG emission: Most of GHG emissions include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Since all GHG are converted into a common unit – CO2 equivalent – GHG emissions are also referred to as “carbon” emissions.

Efficient cooking devices: Efficient cooking devices are those that have higher combustion efficiency and therefore lower emissions than open fires and traditional cookstoves. They are commonly referred to as “improved” or “clean” if their emissions are low enough not to cause respiratory diseases.

Appliances vary remarkably in efficiency:

Open fire and traditional stove: Figure 1 shows an open fire and Figure 2 a traditional stove that can be made manually of mud, clay or scrap metal.

Improved stove: Figures 3-5 show “improved” stoves that have lower emissions than open fires or traditional stoves but still present degrees of danger to health.

Clean stove: Figure 6-10 show “clean” cookstoves that are considered safe for health as defined by WHO and ISO standards.

Modern stove: Figure 7-10 show cookstoves that are considered “modern” as defined by the World Bank’s multi-tier framework for cooking.

Cookstoves size: are here divided in large (100l), used in schools and commercial activities such as restaurants, and small (5l), used in households or by street food vendors. The size may vary substantially, and this is a first approximation.

RATIONALE

Green House Gases (GHG) emissions are the main contributor to climate change. WFP works with programmatic energy access focusing on energy products and services that strengthen food systems; from food production to processing, preserving and consumption (i.e. cooking). Cooking requires great amounts of energy and the use of efficient appliances instead of open fires, which is often the baseline, provides CO2e savings that go up to 70% or more in case of fuel switch. As most food provided by WFP needs to be cooked, the scope of WFP’s work on efficient cooking is vast. Efficient cooking solutions are relevant at the household level as well as in schools and for commercial activities (e.g. food street vendors, restaurants, dairies, food-pre-processing etc.). Emission reductions are high on the agenda of most governments and international bodies that support WFP. Measuring WFP’s results from projects that contribute to mitigation targets (i.e. deriving from the introduction of efficient cookstoves) constitutes a key added value to WFP’s work.

WFP’s donors such as the International Climate Initiative (IKI), and Green Climate Fund (GCF), for example, already require tracking of GHG emissions reduced or avoided.

DATA SOURCE

When not directly implemented by WFP, actual figures of devices distributed are provided by cooperating partners and endorsed by Activity managers before being used to calculate this indicator.

Sales data on the number and type of cookstoves diffused are sourced from the invoices paid by WFP or its cooperating partners.

The MoDa tool (Data collection tool) should be used at the beginning of the year to estimate the planned values and at the end of year to calculate the new values with actual figures of devices distributed. The MoDa tool requires seven questions: the first general and six repeated for each type of device as follows:

1. Country

2. Stove size (Small or Large)

3. Type of baseline cookstoves mainly used

4. Type of baseline fuel mainly used with this stove

5. Type of new cookstoves delivered/planned

6. Type of fuel mainly used with the new cookstoves

7. Number of new cookstoves delivered /planned

INDICATOR CALCULATION FOR REPORTING

The tCO₂e ((tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent) reduced by the country’s projects is calculated as the difference between the tCO2e emitted by all baseline cookstoves (the ones used before the start of the project) and the tCO2e emitted by the efficient cookstoves introduced by the projects.

The tCO2e emitted by a cookstove per each person served to prepare one meal is given by the energy required for cooking a meal for a person multiplied by the energy content of the fuel used (found in literature) multiplied by the fuel emission factor (found in literature) multiplied by the efficiency of the stove used.

In addition, each stove introduced will continue to save carbon emissions for its lifespan. While the lifespan can vary broadly from 1 to 10 years depending on the models, it is in here always limited to the duration of the CSP (5 years).

Calculation formulas are presented below for general information, but the calculation is fully automated in the MoDa tool.

The elements constituting the equation are specified in points A1, A2 and A3.

A.1 Tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO₂e) emitted per meal per device

The calculation differs based on the type of stoves:

tCO₂e for biomass and gas stoves:

tCO2e_meal = FuelEn * StoveEff * Energy_meal * FuelEm

where:

• FuelEn = Fuel energy content (MJ/kg)

• StoveEff = Stove efficiency

• FuelEm = Fuel emission factor (kgCO2/kg)

• Energy_meal = Energy required to cook one meal (MJ)

tCO₂e for electric stoves:

tCO2e_meal = El_session / nPeople * ElEm

where:

• El_session = Electricity consumed by one stove per cooking session (kWh)

• nPeople = number of people served by the stove with one cooking session• ElEm = Electricity emission factor for the region

A.2 Annual reduction of tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO₂e) emitted by stove size (large/small):

Tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO₂e) emitted by the original device per meal minus tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO₂e) emitted by the new device per meal multiplied by the number of meals cooked in a year.

And in math notation:

tCO2e (reduced) (tonnes) = [tCO2e _meal(baseline) - tCO2e _meal(new)) * nMeals * correctionFactor

where:

• tCO2e _meal(baseline) = the tonnes of CO2 equivalent gases produced by one baseline stove per meal

• tCO2e_meal(new) = the tonnes of CO2 equivalent gases produced by one new stove per meal

• nMeals = number of meals cooked by the stove per year

• correctionFactor = takes into account factors that decrease the emission reductions brought by the new stove (i.e. nonrenewable biomass ratio, stacking, leakage). The correction factor depends on the geographical region and behavioral factors. Default values are used in the calculation tool.

A.3 Total reduction of tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO₂e) emitted in a year = Annual reduction of tCO2e emitted by the large stoves + Annual reduction of tCO2e emitted by the small stoves:

TOTAL tCO2e_reduced per year = { i=1,n [tCO2e(reduced)_i * nStove_i]} + { j=1,m [tCO2e(reduced)_j * mStove_j]}

where:

• tCO₂e (reduced) = tonnes of CO2 equivalent gases saved by one stove per year

• “i” and “j” = different types of institutional and household cookstoves respectively

• n/m = number of different types of institutional and household cookstoves diffused respectively

• nStove_i and mStove_j are the numbers of stoves of type i and j diffused in the year

DATA ENTRY AND DISAGGREGATION IN CORPORATE SYSTEMS

Each reporting year, data is entered into the COMET Other output plan (Planned) and Completion Reports (Actuals).

The indicator values for large and small devices are reported separately.

It is mandatory to report a value for at least one if the indicator was selected in the Logframe.

The aggregated values are reported in the annual country report.

PLANNED FIGURES

The planned figure for this indicator should be based on programme objectives and funding available.

Planned figures are estimated in the first quarter of the first year of CSP/ICSP implementation for the duration of the CSP and inserted in the COMET Other Output Plan (OOP).

For each subsequent year, the planned figures can be revisited in the first quarter of the current reporting year.

Planned values are set at the level of the detailed indicator(s).

FREQUENCY OF DATA COLLECTION

The data should be reported annually to inform the project implementation monitoring and corporate reporting.

INTERPRETATION

This indicator shows the tCO2e reduced by diffusing efficient cooking solutions through support from WFP and/or cooperating partners.

The higher the number of tCO2e reported under this indicator, the higher WFP’s contribution towards countries’ mitigation objectives.

These results are disaggregated by cookstove size as described in the Disaggregation section, but details on the type of cookstoves need to be added as part of the narrative in corporate reports. As applicable, this narrative can build on the fact that the estimated number of tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions reduced through provision of efficient cooking solutions limits or avoids negative impacts on: the environment (deforestation, tension with neighbouring community over firewood resources); nutrition (selling food rations for fuel, undercooking, skipping meals for not being able to cook them); economics (spending an excessive share of household resources on fuel); and health (exposure to harmful emissions and under-boiling water ). The MoDa tool also provides figures on the above-mentioned details that can be included as needed in the narrative (e.g. Trees saved (nbr), Saving on fuel cost (US$), etc.).”

REPORTING EXAMPLE(S)

N/A

INDICATORS COLLECTED & ANALYSED AT THE SAME TIME

N/A

VISUALIZATION

N/A

LIMITATIONS

N/A

FURTHER INFORMATION

N/A